First Aid: Artificial Respiration

Artificial Respiration aimed at reviving or resustating victims or patients of electrocution, severe shock or drowning and any victim requires first aid.

There are main two methods of artificial respiration. They include: manual and mechanical methods.

1. Manual Methods: this methods concerned with initiating breathing through compression and relaxation of the victims' chest wall up to between 10 - 15 operations per each minute. By the time victim's breathing restored, the manual operations should be synchronised.

However, manual operations include:

(A) Mouth - To - Mouth Resuscitation ( known as Kiss of life): this include Holger - Nielsen technique by removing any obstructing objects from the mouth of the victim and loosening all tied clothing especially around the victim's neck, chest and waist. The head of the victim will be tilled back and closed the victim's nostrils between the operator's finger. The operator places his lips on the victim's mouth, blow air through the victim's mouth into the chest, the chest rises, we called (inspiration or inhalation) and after blowing air, the operator allows the victim's chest to relax (expiration or exhalation). Thus, note that, its usually repeated for about 10 - 15 operations before victim resuscitated.

Precautions:

1. The operator's lips should be free from cracked or any wound to avoid transmitting diseases;

2. The operator's mouth should be highly hygienically clean;

3. Use simple plastic tube in the first aid kit for blowing hygienically air.

(B). Schafer's Method: the affected person is laid face down and the head turns one side. The operator kneels with both hands, spread his fingers placed on the back forward with strong arms, compresses victims' chest by his weight (exhalation or expiration), then releases the pressure to allow the chest to expand (inhalation or Inspiration).

Note that, this procedure is usually more efficient and simpler to perform.

(C). Halls' Method: in this procedure, the victim is placed on his face, then rolled one side (inspiration or inhalation) and rolled back on his face (exhalation or expiration). Its repeated many times until the victim breathing respond.

(D). Silver Method: in this method a pillow is placed under the victim's shoulder on his back, the arms of the victim are raised above the heads (inhalation or inspiration), then lowered on the chest with compressing movements (exhalation or expiration). It should be perform multiple times until the victim's breathing responded.

(E). Howard's Method: this is partially similar to Silver's method but in this procedure, the victim is placed on his back with a pillow under his head in this case, the operator kneels, both hand and fingers spread alternatively compresses the lower part of the victim's chest as (exhalation or expiration), then allows the lungs to spring back (inhalation or inspiration). The procedure is repeated until the victim's breathing responded.

2. Mechanical Methods: this involved the use of machines to resuscitate the victims from unconscious. It includes: Eve's Rocking or Stretcher Method and other methods.

(A). Eve's Rocking (stretcher Method): in this method plank or stretcher is used, the victim is secured face down by his arms and legs which is balanced at a midpoint on a support (pivot), then the head tilted down at an angle 45°, so that victim's abdominal contents press on the diaphragm and the lungs compressed (exhalation or expiration). Then the feet tilted down to the same extent, the abdominal contents will now press down and the rib cage or chest is lowered (inhalation or inspiration).

(B). Various devices were invented and are now available in the markets and hospitals, ranging from air balloons to more sophisticated mechanical equipments.

Victim's oxygen masks and iron lungs, etc, all are capable of supplying oxygen or carbon dioxide. But remember the use of these mechanical devices required training, expertise or some level of experience.

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