Psychology: Psychoanalytic Theory of Cognitive Early Childhood Development

Freud, Segmund, (1856-1989) is one of the psychologists that developed very important theory of human personality. Freud, the Originator of this theory in the early nineteenth was Austrian physician who was trained as neurologist earned his Medical Certificate in 1881, Vienna, Austria. 

Psychologists believed that man’s behaviour is triggered mostly by powerful hidden forces within the personality (Eyong, David and Umoh, 2014). Mangal, (2011), said these forces are shaped by childhood experiences and they play an important role in emerging and directing our everyday behaviour according to Freud, most people to fully understand, one need to illuminate and expose what is in conscious. Freud divided the components into three: the id, and ego and super-ego, which although are separated components, interacts within the individual. The id, which is the raw, untamed, unorganized, uncultured and inherited whose function is to reduce the tension created by biological drives such as hunger, sex, aggressiveness and irrational impulse. It operates according to the pressure principle which goal is the immediate reduction of tension and maximization of pulse. However, harsh realities of life pressure principle in most cases by presenting constructs. The ego acts as buffer and help cushion the effects of reality. It operates according to the reality principles in which instinctual energy is restrained in order to mention the safety of the individual and help to integrated him into the society. The ego makes decision to control actions and allows thinking problem solving of a higher order than id is capable of the super-ego acts as the final component which represents right and wrong of society handed down by one’s parents, teachers and other important figures. 

It became part of children to learn right from wrong and continue to develop as people in the Society, in which they live, begin to incorporate their own standards into them as component of adults. Whenever the demands of the id or the super-ego threaten to overwhelm the ego, anxiety is the result. 

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