End of Ottoman's Empire: Treaty Of Berlin

The Ottoman's Empire lost huge Balkan territories by accepting and signing the treaty of Berlin which practically ended the Empire as a significant European power on 13th July, 1878.

The treaty of Berlin was signed by the Ottoman' Empire and other major European Powers including the United Kingdom, Austria-Hungary, France, Germany, kingdom of Italy and Russia.

The signing of this treaty reduced tremendously the Ottoman's Empire territorial possessions in the Balkans. The treaty however, recognised the independence of the de facto sovereign of Romania, Serbia and Montenegro.

Between 1876-1878 during the serbo-Turkish war, Russia threatened the Ottoman's Empire to sign a truce with the Serbians in order to stop war. The first war between Serbians and Turkeye was won by the Ottoman's Empire but with Russian support to Serbia, the Ottoman's lost the second war and treaty of San Stefaw on 3rd March, 1878 was imposes on the Ottoman's by Russia.

One month between 13th June, 1878 - 13th July, 1878, representatives of the major European powers converted in Berlin to renegotiate the treaty of San Stefano. The congress sought to resolve not just the Russo-Turkish war but the many conflicts in the Balkans too.

After signing the treaty of Berlin, the Ottomans lost two fifth of their Empire and One fifth of their population in the Balkans and Eastern Anatolia. Among the territories lost and surrendered were three provinces in the Caucasus region of Eastern Anatolia, Kars, Ardaham and Batum.

The empire further lost territories to the European powers in addition to those surrendered in the treaty of Berlin, British took Cyprus as colony in 1878, France occupied Tunisia in 1881 and after intervening in Egypt's crisis 1882, the Britain took over Egypt's as new colony.

As a result of these looses, the sultan Abdulhamid 2 convinced that he needed to protect the empire from further dismemberment by ambitious European power with strong hand. To his achievement, sultan Abdulhamid protected the domain from further dismemberment between 1882-1908.

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